Mae Anghydraddoldeb, colled ddinesig a lles yn defnyddio dulliau arloesol, gan gynnwys arolygon drwy appiau ar symudedd gofodol a chysylltiadau data, i gymharu mesurau hygyrchedd unigol a seiliedig ar lefydd, ac ystyried sut y mae patrymau newidiol colled ac enillion dinesig yn gysylltiedig â mesurau iechyd a lles. Y dyddiad dechrau a ddarperir yw dyddiad…
Overview The study carried out analysis of existing secondary sources of quantitative data in order to investigate levels of social capital within communities in relation to changing levels of provision of key public services. The study built on research conducted in Phase 1 of WISERD on the use of enhanced two step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) techniques to examine…
It is estimated that over half a million people visited one network of ‘warm rooms’ during the winter of 2022 in the UK, a figure that may rise to 2.5 million people if other networks are considered. As well as offering a means to try to limit exposure to cold temperatures and reduce household energy costs,…
The paper draws upon open-source technologies to present methods of incorporating multiple travel modes into GIS analyses of cumulative opportunity and proximity-based metrics of accessibility. Two case studies are undertaken. The first uses isochrone analysis to evaluate national access to sport facilities expected to appeal to a broad range of ages and abilities. Predictably, urban…
Introduction Events surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic drew attention to the importance of local neighbourhoods as people were encouraged wherever possible to work from home, the physical and mental health benefits of active means of travel were promoted, and communities became more reliant on services in their local areas. At the same time governments around the…
There is a longstanding policy interest in understanding the impacts of changes in access to public and private services in rural areas. To date much of the empirical analysis concerning changing patterns of accessibility has been predicated on assumptions regarding the mode of transport used to access such facilities. The availability of new and open…
The UK, as elsewhere, has seen an accelerating trend of bank branch closures and reduced opening hours since the early 2000s. The reasons given by the banks are well rehearsed, but the impact assessments they provide to justify such programs and signpost alternatives have been widely criticized as being inadequate. This is particularly so for…
Academics at the University of South Wales, affiliated to WISERD, have looked at how the pandemic has affected bus service levels across Wales. Their guest article details how the most deprived areas – where people most depend on bus services – have been hardest hit.
Suggestions of the existence of so-called ‘social care deserts’ in England in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic drew attention to the potential impact of geographical inequalities on the availability of residential, nursing and domiciliary care. To date, much of this analysis has been conducted at spatially aggregated scales such as that of…
Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy: Contemporary Applications for Spatially Integrated Social Science 14(3) pp 449-472 In response to changing consumer habits driven by the advance of online services and mobile apps, substantial reductions in the provision of bank branches have been widely documented over the last decade. Such closures have economic consequences for the sustainability of…
Journal of Civil Society 17(2) pp 101-118 This study explored the respective importance of compositional (individual) and contextual (neighbourhood) factors associated with the propensity to engage in formal volunteering among a nationally representative sample of adults in Wales, UK. To date, while certain contextual characteristics of local communities have been found to be associated with the…
Transactions in GIS, 25(4) pp 1849-1867 This study describes the design and implementation of a web‐based infrastructure built on open‐source components to enable the computation of accessibility scores. It can be adapted to any form of service provision that is represented as geo‐located points. The solution aims to extend previous attempts to measure and analyse…
Under Senedd Research’s Academic Fellowship Scheme, Associate Professor Mitchel Langford from the University of South Wales explored how the latest digital mapping technologies can lead to a better understanding of the geographical provision of retail banking. The full report Exploring geographical patterns in the changing landscape of retail banking services in Wales (PDF, 3.09 MB) is published as a Wales Institute…
Over the past decade successive rounds of bank closures and increasing trends towards fee charging ATMs have attracted widespread media and political attention. This report explores how the latest developments in spatial analytical techniques can provide detailed insight into patterns of provision and change. These techniques are used to provide estimates of accessibility at local community…
Presented by the authors at GIS Research UK Conference 2020 This paper draws on a new database of gymnastics facilities, the use of Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) techniques, to measure potential accessibility for both private and public transport networks using a web-based tool to collect the network distances for the transport. Plans to incorporate…
Area 52(2) pp 342-353 This paper demonstrates the applicability of GIS tools for investigating the implications of changes in public service provision following a prolonged period of economic austerity in the UK. Using the example of geographical accessibility to public library service points in Wales, levels of provision are estimated for two cross‐sections in time to…
There are ongoing policy concerns surrounding the difficulty in obtaining timely appointments to primary healthcare services and the potential impact on, for example, attendance at accident and emergency services and potential health outcomes. Using the case study of potential access to primary healthcare services in Wales, Geographic Information System (GIS)‐based tools that permit a consideration…
A “flagship” policy outlined in the current Welsh Government’s 2016 Programme for Government aims to provide 30 hours of free early education and childcare per week to the working parents of three‐ and four‐year‐olds. However, in common with many other countries, there is currently a lack of detail regarding existing levels of childcare provision that can act as…
Spatial variations in rates of registered organ donors have not been studied in the UK at detailed spatial scales despite some evidence of national and regional differences. By drawing on the findings from the existing literature, this study examines associations between small-area variations in rates of new registrants to the UK organ donor register (ODR)…
Studies examining potential social inequities in resource distribution have tended to adopt relatively unsophisticated measures of service supply such as those derived from proximity measures or counts of facilities within given time/distance thresholds. Often such measures do not take into account potential demand for services and the implications this has for understanding socio-spatial patterns in…
Approaches to calculating spatial accessibility within existing indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) methodologies are based on ‘traditional’ accessibility metrics and tend not to adopt more recent methodological enhancements. In particular, the last decade has seen a relatively large body of studies that have applied floating catchment area (FCA) methods that account for both service supply…
Public libraries make an important contribution to the wellbeing of local people often acting as community hubs by reducing the isolation felt by vulnerable members of society through promoting social interaction and supporting the wider needs of local communities. However, access to libraries is threatened in Wales, as elsewhere in the UK, by uncertainty stemming…
Existing approaches investigating access to primary health care tend to use relatively crude measures that compare supply to demand ratios for administrative units or use GIS to calculate straight-line or network distances to the nearest facility. The latter however largely assume access is via private modes of transport. The aim of this paper is to…
Network distance and travel times are two popular methods of measuring potential geographic accessibility and networks are also used in gravity model-based approaches such as floating catchment area (FCA) techniques. Although some research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the representation of demand- (population) or supply- (destinations) side characteristics within such models, there…
Methods whereby access to facilities can be captured in order to support national policies geared towards promoting sports participation and help plan the provision of local facilities are urgently needed. Objective measures derived from the use of Geographical Information Systems can be used to gain an understanding of spatial variations in the location and quality…
Two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) techniques are popular for measuring potential geographical accessibility to health care services. This paper proposes methodological enhancements to increase the sophistication of the 2SFCA methodology by incorporating both public and private transport modes using dedicated network datasets. The proposed model yields separate accessibility scores for each modal group at each…
Previous studies concerned with investigating the relationship between levels of physical activity and aspects of the built environment have often led to inconsistent and mixed findings concerning associations between the availability of recreational or sport facilities and area socio-economic status. Further complications may arise when analysis is conducted separately for access to either publicly available…
Floating catchment area (FCA) models are widely promoted as a technique to measure potential accessibility in a range of health applications. Since their initial formulation in the early 2000s a number of enhancements have been proposed to better measure accessibility. Encouraged by the growing availability of road network data, and a realisation of the inherent…
There has been a longstanding interest in the impacts of socio-spatial variations in accessibility to public and private services in both urban and rural contexts. Previous studies have found that rural communities are often disproportionately impacted in accessibility terms by changes in service configuration. The aim of this study is to examine such claims in…
A relatively large literature base exists on the use of GIS to measure accessibility in transport studies. Often such research efforts have been conducted as part of wider studies of social exclusion to public transport opportunities. This paper aims to explore the use of floating catchment analysis (FCA) techniques to measure access to public transport…
A large body of research has examined relationships between accessibility to green space and a variety of health outcomes with many researchers finding benefits in terms of levels of physical activity and relationships with levels of obesity, mental health, and other health conditions. Such studies often use spatial analytical techniques to examine relationships between distance…
Previous research has drawn attention to the importance of measuring accessibility to public transit services for transport planning and decision-making purposes and to the use of GIS to produce accessibility maps. Existing measures have been criticised for their lack of sophistication and reliance on simple operations such as Euclidean buffering. This article introduces an accessibility…
Planning information pertaining to the potential visual impacts of proposed construction developments is particularly important in the case of wind farm planning, given the high levels of concern amongst members of the public regarding the perceived negative visual impacts of wind turbines on the landscape. Previous research has highlighted the shortcomings associated with traditional visualization…
The importance of public service provision and accessibility in shaping government policies aimed at enhancing social inclusion and ensuring social justice in the UK is well founded. The capabilities of GIS for generating information to address such concerns have facilitated a widespread interest in measuring and analysing accessibility to public services. Previous studies have drawn…
This paper aims to review the state of play of GIS use in measuring accessibility to services drawing on work in areas such as health, public services, transport and environmental justice. The first section describes what is meant by ‘accessibility’ in the context of our research. To date this has predominantly been concerned with measures…
There has been a notable increase in the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in studies of environmental (in)justice in the last two decades. Whilst the potential of such techniques is increasingly being recognised, there remain some key research challenges facing researchers interested in wider notions of environmental justice (EJ). One avenue of research concerns…
Ar 30 Tachwedd, cyflwynodd yr Athro Mitch Langford, cyd-gyfarwyddwr WISERD ym Mhrifysgol De Cymru (PDC), ymchwil WISERD o’r prosiect a ariennir gan y Cyngor Ymchwil Economaidd a Chymdeithasol (ESRC), ‘Anghydraddoldebau, colled ddinesig a lles’, i’r pwyllgor newid hinsawdd, amgylchedd a seilwaith yn y Senedd. Roedd digwyddiad Meysydd o Ddiddordeb Ymchwil (ARI) y Senedd yn cynnwys…
Mae papur a gyhoeddwyd yn ddiweddar gan Dr Andrew Price a’r Athrawon Gary Higgs a Mitchel Langford ym Mhrifysgol De Cymru wedi tynnu sylw at amrywiadau daearyddol o ran mynediad at fannau cynnes yng Nghymru. Mae mannau cynnes yn rhoi cyfle i helpu aelwydydd i geisio lleihau effaith biliau ynni cynyddol yn ystod misoedd y…
Mae ein hastudiaethau blaenorol sy’n archwilio’r amrywiad mewn mynediad at gyfleusterau chwaraeon mewn perthynas â phatrymau economaidd-gymdeithasol yng Nghymru wedi’u seilio ar dybiaeth mai teithio preifat yw’r dull trafnidiaeth a ddefnyddir. Rydym bellach yn cynnwys pellteroedd ac amseroedd teithio ar gyfer dulliau trafnidiaeth eraill fel rhan o’n cyfrifiadau hygyrchedd. Mae’r rhain yn deillio o archwiliad…
Llongyfarchiadau mawr i Gyd-gyfarwyddwr WISERD Mitchel Langford sydd wedi bod yn llwyddiannus yn y penodiadau Gwobrau Academaidd Uwch diweddaraf Mae Mitchel Langford wedi derbyn y teitl Athro mewn Dadansoddi Gofodol a Geo-wybodeg ym Mhrifysgol De Cymru. Mae diddordebau ymchwil Mitch yn cynnwys modelu hygyrchedd daearyddol a dadansoddi geo-ofodol ym meysydd gofal iechyd, anghydraddoldeb cymdeithasol a…
Cyhoeddwyd papur newydd yn WISERD gan Andrew Price, Mitchel Langford a Gary Higgs ym Mhrifysgol De Cymru yn ddiweddar yn y cyfnodolyn, Case Studies on Transport Policy. Gan ddefnyddio data cyfleusterau chwaraeon gan Chwaraeon Cymru a data ffynhonnell agored ar leoedd gwyrdd, mae’r tîm yn ymchwilio i’r amrywiadau o ran y gallu i fwynhau cyfleoedd…
Mae gwefan brototeip sy’n ymchwilio i hygyrchedd gwasanaethau allweddol yng Nghymru wedi’i datblygu gan ymchwilwyr WISERD yng Nghanolfan Ymchwil Systemau Gwybodaeth Ddaearyddol Prifysgol De Cymru. Mae hyn yn rhan o raglen ymchwil barhaus sy’n ymchwilio i hygyrchedd daearyddol gwasanaethau yng Nghymru. Mae’r wefan yn galluogi defnyddwyr i weld pa mor hygyrch yw gwasanaethau allweddol, yn…
Mae papur diweddar gan yr Athro Gary Higgs, Dr Andrew Price a Dr Mitchel Langford o WISERD a Chanolfan Ymchwil GIS a gyhoeddwyd yn y Journal of Rural Studies wedi amlygu’r angen i ystyried yr opsiynau trafnidiaeth sydd ar gael i gael mynediad i wasanaethau i’r rhai sy’n dibynnu ar drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus. Drwy dynnu ar…
Mae erthygl newydd, mynediad agored mewn cyfnodolyn ar fesur hygyrchedd i wasanaethau bancio gan Dr Mitchel Langford, Andrew Price a’r Athro Gary Higgs o Brifysgol De Cymru, wedi’i chyhoeddi yn ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. Mae’r erthygl yn dangos sut y gellir mesur hygyrchedd i ganghennau banc ar wahanol adegau o’r dydd a thrwy ddulliau…
Public transport was severely impacted during COVID-19 as people’s daily mobility patterns changed. This led to a substantial drop in demand as many workers were instructed to work from home and social distancing measures were introduced on existing services. Department for Transport statistics show a decline from 91 to 26 million passenger journeys on local…
Mae papur newydd gan WISERD yn tynnu sylw at sut y gall dulliau daearyddol gyfrannu at ddealltwriaeth o anghydraddoldebau o ran mynediad at gartrefi gofal a phreswyl yng Nghymru. Cynhaliwyd yr ymchwil gan gyd-gyfarwyddwyr WISERD, yr Athro Gary Higgs a Dr Mitchel Langford, ynghyd â Chysylltydd WISERD, yr Athro Mark Llewellyn, Cyfarwyddwr Sefydliad Iechyd a…
Local authorities in Wales have had to make difficult decisions to close or rationalise a wide range of services in response to changes in the incidence of COVID-19. This has had major impacts for those sectors of the community most dependent on various forms of service provision. Where there have been partial closures involving changes…
Dros y degawd diwethaf mae cylchoedd olynol o gau banciau a thueddiadau cynyddol i ddarparu peiriannau codi arian â ffi wedi denu sylw helaeth yn y cyfryngau ac yn wleidyddol. Mae ymchwilydd WISERD, Mitchel Langford, Athro Cysylltiol ym Mhrifysgol De Cymru, wedi cyhoeddi adroddiad ar fynediad at wasanaethau bancio o ganlyniad i’w Gymrodoriaeth Academaidd ddiweddar…
We have long become accustomed to the concerns expressed in the letter pages of local newspapers or on various online forums from those members of the public forced (if fortunate to have access to a car) to drive greater distances, or to make alternative and more costly arrangements, to access services such as health, educational,…
According to available estimates, residents living in more rural areas of Wales generally need to travel farthest to access a number of key services. Take access to GP surgeries, for instance. A two-way journey by car to a local GP surgery is considered to take, on average, between 10-14 minutes for those living in smaller…
WISERD’s bespoke analytical tools were used in a Welsh Government research project to assess whether the existing supply of childcare in Wales can cope with the increased demand due from a change in Government policy. The research and analysis was conducted by WISERD Co-Director Prof Gary Higgs and Dr Mitchel Langford of the University of…
This workshop will introduce the concepts and provide participants with hands-on experience of using an open source GIS package. We will also explore how socio-economic data from the UK Census of Population can be downloaded and integrated with other open source data sets such as road network data. Speakers: Gary Higgs & Mitch Langford
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